LAPMOD

LAPMOD is an advanced, non‑steady‑state Lagrangian particle model developed for simulating atmospheric dispersion of pollutants over complex terrain and urban environments. It treats pollutant mass as moving particles advected by the wind and dispersed by turbulence, enabling high‑resolution 3D concentration and deposition fields in time and space. The model is tightly coupled with the meteorological processors CALMET and LAPMET and can handle point, line, area, and volume sources with time‑variable emissions, including short‑duration releases. It is widely used in Europe and beyond to support regulatory assessments, emergency‑release studies, and odor‑impact analyses for industrial and urban facilities.