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  Fig. 1.: Chromatogram comparing sampling method. Black: tube spiked with siloxanes and toluene; pink: gaseous sample in sampling bag of siloxanes and toluene loaded onto tube; blue: gaseous sample in canister loaded onto tube There is increasing interest in the usage of biogas produced from wastewaters, anaerobic digesters and landfill sites as a source of green energy. Biogas generated from these types of sites require process monitoring due to contamination with siloxanes derived from hygiene products, detergent, antifoams, etc. Siloxanes are troublesome impurities in biogases in engine sources.

   The combustion of biogas can lead to deposits of silicon dioxide particles which can cause problems and damage different kind of gas engines or turbines through their build up and via corrosion.The objective of this study was to develop a method on a thermal desorption unit coupled to a gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (TD-GC-MS) to identify and quantify siloxanes present in a representative biogas sample with a low detection limit (µg/m3). Enabling the occurrence of siloxanes in a biogas matrix and efficiency of the removal processes present in the industry to be monitored.

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Quintero   The sanitary landfill, located in the city of Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia, is operated by the company Atesa de Occidente S.A ESP, here the disposal of waste from department of Risaralda, some municipalities of Caldas and Norte del Valle del Cauda is carried out, it´s receiving 800 Tons/day, causing impacts to the environment by the emission of offensive gases and odors, causing problems to community.

   In Colombia, the offensive odour problem, is regulated with the Resolution 1541 of 2013, define the levels of inmission, according to the generating activities, carry to landfill to take measures to reduce, and to quantify odors too.

C. Velásquez1, C. Hernández2, J. Quintero1

1. Tratamientos Químicos Industriales S.A.S
2. Atesa de occidente S.A ESP.

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Valdenebro   The RAMS-CALMET-CALPUFF modelling system has been used to simulate the odorous impacts from a paper-mill in an urban area located several kilometres away in a coastal mountainous area.

   Over the last years, episodes of citizens complaints due to malodours have been registered, with a potential origin in several pollution sources located inside and outside the city. A selection of episodes under anticyclonic conditions, with poor ventilation in general and continuous changes of stability and wind during the day, has been simulated.

V. Valdenebro1*, E. Sáez de Cámara1, G. Gangoiti1, L. Alonso1, J. A. García1, M. Navazo2, M. de Blas1, J. Lavín3, N. García-Borreguero


1Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao, Alameda de Urquijo s/n, 48 013 Bilbao, España.
2Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería de Vitoria-Gasteiz, C/ Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, España.
3 Sociedad Española de Abastecimientos, S.A., Gran Vía Marqués del Turia,¸19, 46005, Valencia, España.
4Gobierno Vasco, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Política Territorial, Dirección de Administración Ambiental, Servicio de aire, Donostia-San Sebastián 1, 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz, España.
 * veronica.valdenebro@ehu.eus

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